{"id":7668,"date":"2020-12-03T17:23:23","date_gmt":"2020-12-03T17:23:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adhc.lib.ua.edu\/pandemicbook\/?page_id=7668"},"modified":"2021-11-14T22:12:00","modified_gmt":"2021-11-14T22:12:00","slug":"12-03","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/adhc.lib.ua.edu\/pandemicbook\/12-03\/","title":{"rendered":"12-03"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Thursday, December 3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUS Cases 14.29 million
US Deaths 279,364<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Dec 2:\u00a02020<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>is on track<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>to be one of the three hottest years on record, according to the United Nations’ State of the Climate report.\u00a0<\/span>Trump <\/span>posts<\/a> a 45-minute video speech repeating baseless allegations that “corrupt forces” had “rigged” the election. He also hints at a 2024 presidential run. The daily COVID death toll <\/span>hits<\/a> 3,157, a greater number than that killed on September 11, 2001.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Dec 3: California goes back<\/a> to stay-at-home orders. Facebook announces<\/a> that it will take down misleading information about the COVID vaccine. A Wisconsin high court throws<\/a> out Trump’s lawsuit challenging Biden’s win in that state. In response to AG Barr’s statement that no evidence has been found of widespread voter fraud, Trump says<\/a> Barr “hasn’t done anything,” and that his department hasn’t “looked very hard, which is a disappointment, to be honest with you.” An auction for drilling in the Arctic rushes<\/a> forward before the Trump administration ends.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tFrom the Cutting Room Floor ...\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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On the one hand, the subtle misrepresentation of historical facts and events on tests administered to hopeful immigrants appears trivial. On the other, this move highlights the current administration\u2019s persistent attempts to overhaul the immigration system in order to make it harder for non-whites to enter or stay in the country.[1]<\/a> In fact, the current administration has issued almost fifty changes to immigration policy just this year. At first, these appeared to be done in good faith, relating to restricting the spread of coronavirus. Yet, as we saw back on March 6th<\/sup>, and then again in April, the various bans by the federal government never extended to actually conducting thorough health screenings, as happened in other countries. They were \u201csecurity theater.\u201d In other words, they were bans of people<\/em>, not of disease<\/em>. And, while the government lifted some of these restrictions once it became clear that coronavirus was already in the country, most stayed in place, unchecked.<\/span><\/p>\n

Underneath those publicized restrictions, this administration slipped in other policies that had little to do with stopping coronavirus and more to do with the typical anti-immigration policies we\u2019ve grown all too accustomed to over the last four years. As usual, they focused these policies at people from those countries Trump deemed, xenophobically, \u201cshitholes.\u201d[2]<\/a> From the perspective of groups like the Catholic Legal Immigration Network, Inc. (CLINIC), the American Immigration Council, Immigration Justice Campaign, and the Rocky Mountain Immigrant Advocacy Network (RMIAN), the totality of these years of federal policies, including changing the citizenship test, feel capricious and effective.[3]<\/a> Yet, according to the Immigration Policy Institute, \u201cthe administration\u2019s policies have not led to a marked drop in the number of permanent immigrants, temporary foreign workers, international students, and those receiving asylum in the United States. \u2026 There has not been a dramatic, across-the-board \u2018Trump effect’ attributable either to the administration\u2019s policies or rhetoric on immigration levels.\u201d[4]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

[read_more id=”1″ more=”Read more” less=”Read less”]<\/p>\n

To help solve this puzzle, as well as explain what happened with immigration this year, I reached out to Sarah Pierce, a Policy Analyst for the U.S. Immigration Policy Program at the Migration Policy Institute (MPI). She is an expert in the U.S. legal immigration processes and tracks our employment-based immigration system and the treatment of unaccompanied child migrants.[5]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

She agrees that, on the one hand, the Trump administration\u2019s bark was worse than its bite. \u201cIt\u2019s hard for the president to entirely change US immigration unilaterally,\u201d she explains. \u201cImmigration enforcement [i.e., arrests and deportations] under the Trump administration has not really increased compared to the end of the Obama administration and definitely is significantly lower than it was at the high points under President Obama.\u201d[6]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

I wondered why groups like MPI, CLINIC, and others would be so upset, then. \u201cIf you talk to immigrant communities<\/em>,\u201d she continued, \u201cthey\u2019re not<\/em> going to tell you that. They\u2019re going to say there’s a lot more<\/em> immigration enforcement happening under Trump, and I think that\u2019s because he revitalized it in several ways. First by releasing the handcuffs off of ICE [Immigration & Customs Enforcement]. By the end of the Obama administration, ICE had strict priorities of who they were supposed to focus on. Within five days of taking office, Trump \u2018opened up\u2019 those priorities. Second, by making noise\u2014making immigration enforcement much more visible. \u2026 They\u2019ve really leaned into at large [high profile] arrests: immigrants at home, on the street, in stores, or even in sensitive locations. \u2026 They\u2019ve also leaned into worksite enforcement actions. You might remember the 7-Eleven [convenience stores] raids? A nationwide raid is a really inefficient<\/em> way to raise your arrests and deportations, but it is a very good<\/em> way to raise the visibility of immigration enforcement.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

I think I saw what she meant: \u201cYou know that anytime they\u2019re going to show up at your front door or your workplace or your kids\u2019 schools or whatever\u2014and even if they don\u2019t take anybody away\u2014just that fear of them will change your behavior, which is, I guess, what they want.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cRight.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIt sounds like state-sponsored terror,\u201d I mused. \u201cLike the bark becomes<\/em> the bite.\u201d Pierce couldn\u2019t disagree, though maybe I was putting it a little strongly. But what I still didn\u2019t understand was why that was happening at all. Such strong anti-immigrant sentiment that makes immigrants feel terrified even if it doesn\u2019t actually arrest or deport people\u2014meaning it doesn\u2019t actually help American workers who justify their anti-immigration rhetoric by saying they want immigrants out to help blue-collar wages go up. Why was the government doing this?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe quick answer is \u2018I don’t know,\u2019 Pierce admitted. \u201cI mean, during the Trump administration, we\u2019ve seen this pretty extraordinary continued rise<\/em> in favor of immigration by the public.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWait,\u201d I interjected, \u201cyou\u2019re saying that we\u2019ve seen a rise in Americans who are in favor<\/em> of immigration?\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cYeah, under Trump! Even for asylum seekers. It\u2019s pretty extraordinary.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWow, even while he sort of continues this mantra of the \u2018China virus,\u2019 et cetera<\/em>?\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cI don\u2019t know if that polling extends past the pandemic,\u201d she cautioned. But she thought the mentality shift still felt significant. \u201cI guess in my mind I would think of it as two groups of people. The large majority of Americans\u2014at least prior to the pandemic\u2014were increasingly in favor of at least legal immigration. But then you have Trump\u2019s \u2018base\u2019 \u2026. This negative focus on immigration dates back to the Great Recession. The assumption is \u2018globalization\u2019 plus \u2018demographic changes\u2019 in the United States are bad for them. So, the economic problems that are going to follow this pandemic year will only bolster what\u2019s already there. I think that\u2019s going to swing them even more extreme on immigration\u2014which is hard. It\u2019s a little bit scary to think about how they could get more extreme than they currently are.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

It occurred to me that maybe a very strong bark without a bite was a way to \u201chave their cake and eat it, too.\u201d Corporations\u2014meat-packing plants, for instance, as we\u2019ve seen over 2020\u2014want more cheap, compliant labor, which a brown-skinned, non-English speaking immigrant to the United States provides. And the CEOs of these corporations are GOP supporters, even important donors. Trump\u2019s \u2018base,\u2019 on the other hand, wants fewer brown-skinned immigrants and wants to show \u2018strength\u2019 at the \u2018border.\u2019 Random raids by armed immigrations agents anywhere in the country keeps Trump\u2019s white base believing that brown-skinned, non-English speaking immigrants are being kept in their place. While comparatively fewer deportations retain cheap labor in the country for the GOP donor elite.<\/span><\/p>\n

It made sense. State-sponsored terror in the Soviet bloc during the Cold War was mostly quiet; neighbor turning in neighbor for the police to pick up in the middle of the night. In 2020, we only terrorize vulnerable populations who cannot fight back, and we do it for the show<\/em>, in broad daylight, to applause.<\/span><\/p>\n

I wondered if she thought things would change, now that Biden and Harris are taking over. Pierce had written recently that the Trump Administration\u2019s layered approach and the aggressive pace of change implementing immigration policies were going to have a lasting impact. So, she wanted to be sure I really understood what the last four years were like, in order to impress just how hard any change will be. The Trump administration came in with a slate of hardline anti-immigration folks and, unlike almost all other aspects of their tenure, this group was competent. \u201cThe book Border Wars<\/em> describes a group of people who were organized early on, including several people from the Center for Immigration Studies (CIS) and Francis Cissna, in order to come up with plans on ways to quickly change the immigration system. I have no knowledge of this group outside of this book, but the description of who they are and what they did really aligned with my observations of the administration.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Pierce was right. It turns out CIS has long-standing standing ties to both the Trump administration and to white nationalist organizations dating back to the last century.[7]<\/a> And they never let up, never accepted the law or the decisions of the courts. \u201cIn the past, it was a pretty extreme idea to view both<\/em> legal and illegal immigration as a net negative to the United States,\u201d Pierce continued with a grimace. \u201c[Trump\u2019s people] brought that thinking more into the mainstream. This group [CIS] lived on the fringe of the political spectrum for a long time, and they knew that they were going to have their chance with this administration. They have just worked around the clock with some very smart ideas and very good knowledge of our immigration laws and beyond. Now that there\u2019s a pandemic, they\u2019ve used some public health laws to reach their goals as well.\u201d Without an equally dogged, equally well-connected, pro-immigration force in the next administration, we can expect more similarities than differences.<\/span><\/p>\n

I pressed her on the \u201ckids in cages\u201d phenomena that had appeared in the news a couple of years ago. Ripples of that are still being felt, like the recent revelation that over 500 migrant children still had not been connected up with their parents. Surely that abhorrent practice would be remedied, right?<\/span><\/p>\n

That, she impressed upon me, was a sad feature of many other bureaucratic tangles\u2014incompetence even more than malevolence. \u201cWhen you ask for asylum at the southern border, you’re given this initial \u2018credible fear\u2019 interview. Most people pass it. It\u2019s designed so most people pass\u201480% pass it. Then your files are handed over to our immigration court system, and typically you\u2019re permitted to enter the United States and stay here while your application is being adjudicated. Because our immigration court system is so backlogged, you don\u2019t see a judge for a year, two years, three years, four years, and then\u2014even then<\/em>\u2014that initial hearing is just that. Just an initial<\/em> hearing. You know ultimately, you have at least one more hearing. So, the asylum system was essentially operating as a huge pull for both legitimate and illegitimate claims into the United States. Because, you know that, even if you’re illegitimate, that backlog will mean you\u2019re going to be able to be here for a few years before you get kicked out.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cSince the Great Recession, our southern border has become increasingly militarized. It\u2019s not very realistic that you\u2019re going to sneak into the country. It\u2019s far easier to claim asylum at the southern border, which is why an increasing portion of our arrivals at the southern border are asylum seekers, not people who are trying to sneak in and evade detection.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cBut then during 2018, the Trump administration puts together all these interlocking policies, after just throwing tons and tons of policies at the southern border to see what sticks [i.e., passes legal tests]. They finally find 3 interlocking policies that lock it up and at least start a decline in the number of arrivals at the southern border. And then the pandemic happens, and the Trump administration gets to implement their dream policy at the southern border that completely shuts off asylum applications. That CDC order alone shuts down a huge \u2018pull\u2019 to the United States because the asylum system is no longer an option for the vast majority of migrants. Instead, what we\u2019re seeing is a lot of people again, attempting to evade detection by crossing the southern border, which is extremely difficult and extremely dangerous.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cEven before that we were seeing a rise of unaccompanied child migrants at the southern border. We\u2019re not totally sure why that is, but we fully expect that rise to continue \u2026 the incoming administration, has said that they\u2019re going to keep the CDC order in place partially. \u2026 I assume that it\u2019s because our resources and procedures at the southern border just completely insufficient to handle these surges. So, my hope is that they’re keeping it in place in order to improve our procedures of the southern border, increase our resources, because they know that they\u2019re going to be facing surges and just, you know, give them a little time to prepare for it. But now it\u2019s looking very likely that they will have a surge.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cBut how can that be?\u201d I\u2019m genuinely surprised. \u201cThe pandemic is worse here. The unemployment situation is so bad. And we\u2019re not exactly a welcoming country at the moment. How can people still want to come?\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Pierce recognizes that, but responds, \u201cThere\u2019s still a \u2018pull\u2019 right now for unaccompanied child migrants, even if not for anyone else. \u2026 There\u2019s also a lot of leaders that have used the pandemic as an opportunity to lean into their more authoritarian instincts, so that has caused more of a \u2018push\u2019 of migrants. And then of course the two hurricanes [Eta on 11\/3, Iota on 11\/16] \u2026 so we still have a lot of pushes in place.[8]<\/a> The \u2018pulls\u2019 aren’t quite as strong as they used to be, but now we have a president taking office who is supposed to be friendly to immigrants. So, we\u2019re increasingly hearing that smugglers are telling migrants, \u2018Show up on January 21st.\u2019\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWhen you talk about the mass influx of unaccompanied children\u201d\u2014this is one of those things that sticks with me, and I keep coming back to it throughout the interview\u2014\u201cI mean, are we really talking about thousands of parents sending their eight year olds alone, over the border, with a note saying, \u2018I\u2019m seeking asylum\u2014here is my relative who lives in New Jersey?\u2019\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Pierce corrects one misperception: the average age of an unaccompanied child migrant is in their teens, old enough to work a real job and make a way for themselves.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cStill, you must be so desperate<\/em> to do that,\u201d I insist, thinking of the hopelessness I would have to feel to hand my own children over to men in uniform with weapons who do not want me there, possibly to never see them again.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cExactly,\u201d she agrees. \u201cAnd if there\u2019s a system in place that doesn\u2019t allow<\/em> you to claim asylum as a family but allows your child to enter the United States and claim asylum, then that\u2019s only going to incentivize people. \u2026 During the spring and summer of 2018, we had mass family separation at the southern border. Both before and after that, we\u2019ve had for-cause<\/em> family separation. So, it\u2019s still happening, but on a significantly smaller scale. \u2026 His first year in office, it was an extraordinarily low year for apprehensions. We call that the \u2018Trump effect.\u2019 We think people were kind of stopped and waiting because of his strong rhetoric on immigration. Then during 2018, you start to see the numbers tick back up. Then starting in March 2018, you can start to see the administration just release a torrent of increasingly controversial policies on asylum and the southern border. \u2026 Jeff Sessions issued his memo on zero tolerance and then, maybe a month or two later, they clarified that it applied to families at the southern border. They prosecuted<\/em> parents. And when they would prosecute the parents, they would separate the parents from their children. The children were re-categorized as \u2018unaccompanied child migrants,\u2019 for which we have an entirely separate<\/em> immigration system and pathway. The parents were kept in expedited removal proceedings, meaning that after their prosecution, typically, they were quickly deported from the country. With the mass public outcry [about kids in cages], President Trump issued an executive order in June 2018, I think, and a judge issued an order about a week later.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cAnd the 500 plus kids?\u201d I ask, almost hesitantly, thinking about the parents who still have no idea where their children are. \u201cHas that at all been resolved?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThere were some still in government custody. That was resolved, but then \u2026 they realized that they actually needed to also be focusing on children who were separated from their parents before<\/em> that date. Apparently, there were \u2018pilot projects\u2019 and just some shady<\/em> stuff going on with family separation even before then. But they found that\u2019s a lot harder because that group [of children and parents] has already been separated at this point for, well, now they\u2019ve been separated for several years<\/em> \u2026 and many of the parents deported back to their home countries. So, it\u2019s just a much more difficult problem logistically to reunite and get into any sort of contact with these parents.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Yet another heavy conversation with someone about an unpleasant part of American life that we try to keep out-of-sight\/out-of-mind. I ask Pierce how she holds it together on a daily basis, looking at the desperation of migrant parents and children in the face of an apathetic America that claims to be a beacon of freedom and hope.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cI have definitely not mastered it. My most traumatic moment was that summer of 2018, focusing on family separation every day. I remember coming home and giving my son a bath and just crying the whole time. And then, just last month, there was that huge uproar about the 500-plus kids who still hadn\u2019t been reunited. And then it just sort of seemed\u2014it got overshadowed by the next scandal. There\u2019s a new one every day, right?\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Notes<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Reuters Staff, \u201cFactbox: Trump Reshaped U.S. Immigration System, Biden Wants to Reverse Course,\u201d Reuters<\/em>, December 3, 2020, https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-immigration-trump-changes-factbox-idUSKBN28D1GK<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Danilo Zak, \u201cImmigration-Related Executive Actions During the COVID-19 Pandemic,\u201d National Immigration Forum, November 18, 2020, https:\/\/immigrationforum.org\/article\/immigration-related-executive-actions-during-the-covid-19-pandemic\/<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> \u201cCLINIC Submits Comments in Opposition to USCIS\u2019 New Naturalization Civics Test and Policy Manual Changes |,\u201d Catholic Legal Immigration Network, Inc. (CLINIC), December 2, 2020, https:\/\/cliniclegal.org\/resources\/federal-administrative-advocacy\/clinic-submits-comments-opposition-uscis-new<\/a>; \u201cWebinar: A New Life for Asylum, Hope and Challenges for Asylum Seekers under the Biden Administration,\u201d Immigration Justice Campaign, December 8, 2020, https:\/\/immigrationjustice.us\/webinar-a-new-hope-for-asylum\/<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Muzaffar Chishti and Jessica Bolter, \u201cThe \u2018Trump Effect\u2019 on Legal Immigration Levels: More Perception than Reality?,\u201d Migration Policy Institute, November 19, 2020, https:\/\/www.migrationpolicy.org\/article\/trump-effect-immigration-reality<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Personal communication with authors, December 16 and 18, 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> TRAC, \u201cThe Pandemic and ICE Use of Detainers in FY 2020,\u201d Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse (TRAC) at Syracuse University, October 19, 2020, https:\/\/trac.syr.edu\/immigration\/reports\/627\/<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> Bridge Initiative Team, \u201cFactsheet: Center for Immigration Studies (CIS),\u201d Bridge Initiative<\/em> (blog), November 13, 2020, https:\/\/bridge.georgetown.edu\/research\/factsheet-center-for-immigration-studies-cis\/<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> Reuters Staff, \u201c\u2018No Choice except to Flee\u2019: After Back-to-Back Hurricanes, Central Americans Go North,\u201d NBC News, December 4, 2020, https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/latino\/no-choice-except-flee-after-back-back-hurricanes-central-americans-n1249993<\/a>.<\/span> [\/read_more]<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEric Feigl-Ding. \u201cUS Coronavirus Surge since October 2020. #MaskUp Folks. We Haven\u2019t Even Seen the Worst yet. We Are so Damn Screwed. #COVID19 Https:\/\/T.Co\/98j7UETOMU.\u201d Tweet. @DrEricDing, December 4, 2020. https:\/\/twitter.com\/DrEricDing\/status\/1334703963074158592.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEric Feigl-Ding. \u201cIPads Stockpiled for ICU End of Life Goodbyes... Was Not Something Steve Jobs Foresaw. (HT to @roto_tudor) #COVID19 Https:\/\/T.Co\/HFNokN0Ogj.\u201d Tweet. @DrEricDing, December 3, 2020. https:\/\/twitter.com\/DrEricDing\/status\/1334628472464007172.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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